6 Types of Structural Wood Beams

When it comes to building a house, the foundation and structure are the most crucial elements. Wood beams are an essential part of the building’s structure as they support the weight of the roof, walls, and floor. 

Over the years, different types of wood beams have emerged, each with various benefits and drawbacks. In this article, we’ll explore six types of structural wood beams for your house and their pros and cons.

Glulam Beam 

First on the list is the Glulam beam. This type of beam is made by laminating several layers of dimensioned lumber together. Glulam beams are strong and flexible, making them perfect for large and complex architectural designs. They are also fire-resistant, have a high strength-to-weight ratio, and are environmentally friendly.

However, Glulam beams tend to be more expensive than other types of wood beams, and they’re not suitable for outdoor use. Additionally, improper installation and exposure to water can compromise the integrity of the beam.

Steel Beam 

Steel beams are known for their strength and durability. They can support heavy loads and span longer distances than wood beams. They are also fire-resistant and termite-proof, making them ideal for outdoor use.

However, steel beams can be expensive to manufacture and install. They also expand and contract with temperature changes, causing potential structural issues if not addressed properly. Steel beams are also not environmentally friendly, as their production requires a significant amount of energy.

Hand Hewn Timber 

Hand hewn timber beams are rare and highly valued for their antique and rustic look. They are often used in restoration projects, and they bring a unique historical character to any building. They are also durable, sturdy, and environmentally friendly.

However, hand-hewn timber beams can be expensive, and their availability is limited. They may also require special tools for installation.

LVL Beam

Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) beams are made by laminating thin layers of wood together. They are structurally sound and can support significant weight loads while remaining lightweight. They have a smooth surface and are visually appealing, making them an excellent choice for exposed beams.

LVL beams tend to be more expensive than traditional lumber, and they require special tools for cutting and installation. They also have less natural resistance to fire and moisture than other types of wood beams.

Timber Trusses 

Timber trusses are durable, strong, and visually appealing. They can create unique architectural designs with exposed wood beams and heavy timber components. They are also energy-efficient, environmentally friendly, and provide excellent insulation.

However, timber trusses can be expensive to manufacture and install, and they require higher levels of maintenance than other types of wood beams. Additionally, they may not be suitable for large-scale commercial projects due to their heavy weight.

I-Joist 

I-joists are a modern alternative to traditional wood beams. They are made from engineered wood products and are lightweight, strong, and cost-effective. They are ideal for small and mid-sized residential construction design projects and can span long distances without the need for additional support.

I-joists require special tools for installation, and they have less natural resistance to fire and moisture than solid wood beams. They are also not ideal for large-scale commercial projects or buildings with complex architectural designs.